Masiku ano padziko lapansi, kuipitsa pulasitiki kwafika poipa kwambiri. Kuwonongeka kwa pulasitiki kwawonekera pamwamba pa phiri la Everest, pansi pa Nyanja ya South China kupitirira mamita 3,900, mu ayezi wa Arctic, ngakhale mu Mariana Trench ...
M'nthawi ya zinthu zomwe zikuyenda mwachangu, timadya zokhwasula-khwasula zopakidwa pulasitiki tsiku lililonse, kapena timalandira maulendo angapo, kapena timadya zakudya zotengedwa m'mabokosi apulasitiki. Chochititsa mantha kwambiri ndi chakuti: zinthu zapulasitiki zimakhala zovuta kuti ziwonongeke, ndipo zidzatenga zaka mazana ambiri kuti ziwonongeke ndi kuzimiririka. .
Chochititsa mantha kwambiri ndi chakuti asayansi apeza mitundu 9 ya ma microplastics m'thupi la munthu. Malinga ndi Glowbal News, malinga ndi kafukufuku waposachedwa ndi University of Victoria, akuluakulu aku America amadya 126 mpaka 142 ma microplastic particles tsiku lililonse ndikupumira tsiku lililonse. 132-170 particles pulasitiki.
Kodi microplastic ndi chiyani?
Malinga ndi tanthauzo la katswiri waku Britain Thompson, ma microplastics amatanthawuza tizidutswa tapulasitiki ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tochepera 5 ma microns. Kodi lingaliro la ma microns ochepera 5 ndi chiyani? Kaŵirikaŵiri n’chocheperapo kusiyana ndi katsitsi, ndipo n’kosatheka kuchiwona ndi maso.
Nanga ma microplastic amenewa analowa m’thupi la munthu amachokera kuti?
Pali magwero angapo:
① Zinthu zam'madzi
Izi ndi zophweka kumvetsa. Anthu akataya zinyalala m’mitsinje, m’nyanja ndi m’nyanja mwakufuna kwake, zinyalala zapulasitiki zimawola n’kukhala tizidutswa ting’onoting’ono n’kulowa m’thupi la zamoyo za m’madzi. M'nyanja, zamoyo zam'madzi zokwana 114 zapeza ma microplastics m'matupi awo. Anthu atatulukira mapulasitiki m’zaka za m’ma 1800, matani okwana 8.3 biliyoni apulasitiki apangidwa mpaka pano, ndipo matani oposa 2 miliyoni a zinyalala amatayidwa mwachindunji popanda mankhwala ndipo potsirizira pake amalowa m’nyanja.
② Gwiritsani ntchito mapulasitiki pokonza chakudya
Asayansi posachedwa adayesa kwambiri mitundu yopitilira 250 yamadzi am'mabotolo m'maiko 9 padziko lonse lapansi ndipo adapeza kuti madzi ambiri am'mabotolo ali ndi ma microplastics. Ngakhale madzi apampopi sapeweka. Bungwe lofufuza ku United States linafufuza za madzi apampopi m'mayiko 14 padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo zotsatira zake zimasonyeza kuti 83% ya zitsanzo za madzi apampopi zinali ndi microplastics. Ndizovuta kupewa ma microplastics ngakhale m'madzi apampopi, osasiya mabokosi otulutsa ndi makapu a tiyi amkaka omwe nthawi zambiri mumakumana nawo. Pamwamba pazidazi nthawi zambiri amakutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa polyethylene. Polyethylene idzaphwanyidwa mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono.
③ Gwero lomwe simunaganizirepo - mchere
Inde, mchere umene mumadya tsiku lililonse ukhoza kukhala ndi microplastics. Chifukwa mchere umene timadya umachokera ku mitsinje, nyanja ndi nyanja. Kuwonongeka kwa madzi kudzawononga nsomba zam'dziwe. “Nsomba ya m’dziwe” imeneyi ndi mchere.
"Scientific American" inanena kafukufuku wa Shanghai East China Normal University:
Ma Microplastics, monga polyethylene ndi cellophane, adapezeka mumitundu ya 15 yamchere yosonkhanitsidwa ndi ofufuza. Makamaka mchere wa m’nyanja, womwe umaposa ma yuan 550 pa kilogalamu imodzi, awerengera kuti: Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere umene timadya patsiku, ma microplastic omwe munthu amadya kudzera mu mchere m’chaka akhoza kupitirira yuan 1,000!
④ Zofunikira zapakhomo zatsiku ndi tsiku
Simungadziwe kuti ngakhale simutaya zinyalala, zinthu zomwe mukugwiritsabe ntchito zidzatulutsa ma microplastics mphindi iliyonse. Mwachitsanzo, zovala zambiri tsopano zili ndi ulusi wamankhwala. Mukaponya zovala zanu mu makina ochapira kuti muzichapa, zovalazo zimataya ulusi wapamwamba kwambiri. Ulusi umenewu umatulutsidwa ndi madzi oipa, omwe ndi pulasitiki. Osayang'ana kuchuluka kwa ma microfiber. Ofufuza akuganiza kuti mumzinda wokhala ndi anthu 1 miliyoni, tani imodzi ya microfiber imatulutsidwa tsiku lililonse, yomwe ndi yofanana ndi matumba apulasitiki osawonongeka a 150,000. Komanso, zinthu zambiri zoyeretsera, monga kumeta zonona, zotsukira mkamwa, zoteteza ku dzuwa, zochotsa zodzoladzola, zotsuka kumaso, ndi zina zotere, zimakhala ndi chinthu chomwe chimatchedwa "mikanda yofewa" yoyeretsa kwambiri, yomwe kwenikweni ndi microplastic.
Kuopsa kwa microplastics kwa anthu
Tizilombo tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono timayamwa zitsulo zolemera komanso zowononga zachilengedwe zomwe zimapitilira m'nyanja. Monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zoletsa malawi, ma polychlorinated biphenyls, ndi zina zotero, zimayendera limodzi ndi mafunde a m’nyanja kuti ziwononge chilengedwe. Tizigawo ta pulasitiki timakhala tating'ono m'mimba mwake ndipo timatha kulowa m'maselo am'minyewa ndikuunjikana m'chiwindi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zotupa komanso poyizoni wanthawi zonse. Zingathenso kuwononga kulolerana kwa m'mimba ndi kuyankha kwa chitetezo cha mthupi. Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono titha kulowa m'mitsempha yamagazi ndi ma lymphatic system. Pamene ndende ina ifika, idzakhudza kwambiri dongosolo lathu la endocrine. Pamapeto pake, pangopita nthawi kuti thupi la munthu limezedwe ndi pulasitiki.
Poyang'anizana ndi ma microplastics omwe amapezeka paliponse, kodi anthu angadzipulumutse bwanji?
Kuphatikiza pa kuyitanitsa kuchepetsedwa kwa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zapulasitiki zotayidwa m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Kuti tichepetse ndikuchotsa zoyikapo zapulasitiki zotayidwa ndi zolemba, tiyenera kupanga ndikulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina zatsopano. Shanghai Hui Ang Industrial Co., Ltd. imayang'ana kwambiri kukwezedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito PLA biodegradable zipangizo. PLA imachokera ku zomera zongowonjezereka (monga Chimanga, chinangwa, etc.). Wowuma zopangira ndi saccharified kupeza shuga, amene ndiye thovu ndi shuga ndi zina tizilombo toyambitsa mkulu-kuyera lactic acid, ndiyeno ena maselo kulemera polylactic asidi apanga ndi synthesis mankhwala. Ili ndi biodegradability yabwino. Mukatha kugwiritsa ntchito, zitha kuonongeka ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono m'chilengedwe, ndipo pamapeto pake timapanga mpweya woipa ndi madzi. Imazindikiridwa ngati zinthu zoteteza chilengedwe. Makampani a Shanghai Hui Ang amatsatira mfundo yoteteza chilengedwe ya "kuchokera ku chilengedwe ndikubwerera ku chilengedwe", ndipo akudzipereka kuti alole zinthu zowonongeka kwathunthu kulowa m'banja lililonse. Zapanga mtundu wa msika wamisiri. Zogulitsazo ndi monga udzu, zikwama zogulira, zotayira zinyalala, zikwama za ziweto, ndi zikwama zatsopano. , Filimu ya Cling ndi mndandanda wazinthu zowonongeka zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka ndi chilengedwe, chonde yang'anani msika wamisiri wama brand omwe amatha kuwonongeka kwathunthu.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-18-2021